JBRMR 2056-6271 https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/ 14 Volume 06 Issue 1 2011-10-01 https://jbrmr.com/cdn/issue_file/Vol-06_Issue-1.pdf

108 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=108 2013-01-28 Due to saturated domestic markets many retailers seek potential growth and profits in the global market. After reviewing internationalization failures of big three global retailers, Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Tesco, three important factors emerged which other retailers should consider as they plan strategies for internationalization and expansion. They are (1) adapting to host culture and market; (2) attaining competitive advantages in the new market; and (3) achieving global mindset and strategy. Findings of this paper can help retailers implement their internationalization strategies for the success in the global market. Aoyama, Y. (2007), ‘Oligopoly and the structural paradox of retail TNCs: An assessment of Carrefour and Wal-Mart in Japan,’ Journal of Economic Geography,  Vol. 7, pp. 471-490. Baek, J. (2004),  ‘How does the global retailer localize its format?  The case of Toys “R” Us and Carrefour in Japan,’  Journal of Global Marketing, Vol. 18,  pp. 151-166. Barkema, H. and Vermeulen, F. (1998), ‘International expansion through start-up or acquisition,’ Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 41, pp. 7-26. Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. (2000), ‘Going Global,’ Harvard Business Review, Vol. 78, pp. 132-142. Begley, T.M. and Boyd, D.P. (2003), ‘The need for a corporate global mind-set,’  MIT Sloan Management Review,  Vol. 44, pp. 24-32. Burt, S., Dawson, J. and Sparks, L. (2004), ‘The international divestment activities of European grocery retailers,’ European Management Journal, Vol. 22,  pp. 483-492. Cairns, P., Doherty, A.M., and Alexander, N. and Quinn, B. (2008), ‘Understanding the international retail divestment process,‘ Journal of Strategic Marketing,  Vol. 16, pp. 111-128. Carrefour makes plans to bid adieu to U.S. Market. (1993, September 20), Discount Store News. Christopherson, S. (2007), ‘Barriers to ‘US style’ lean retailing: The case of Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany,’ Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 7, pp. 451-469. Davison, J. and Burt, M. (2006), ‘Wal-Mart’s Germany exit reflects its market entry strategy,’  Gartner Online.  Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http://gartner.com/DisplayDocument?doc_cd=142370 Deloitte (2009). Feeling the squeeze: Global powers of retailing 2009, Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-Kenya/Local%20Assets/Documents/2009GlobalPowersofRetail_FINAL2(1).pdf Dupuis, M. and Prime, N. (1996), ‘Business distance and global retailing: a model for analysis of key success/failure factors,’ International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 24, pp. 30-38. Fernie, J. and Arnold, S.J. (2002), ‘Wal-Mart in Europe: prospects for Germany, the UK     and France,’ International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 30,     pp. 92-102. Gerhard, U. and Hahn, B. (2005), ‘Wal-Mart and Aldi: Two retailer giants in Germany,’ GeoJournal, Vol. 62, pp. 15-26. Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. (2002), ‘Cultivating a global mindset,’ Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 16, pp. 116-126. Halepete, J., Seshadri Iyer, K.V. and Park, S.C. (2008), ‘Wal-Mart in India: a success or failure?’ International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,  Vol. 36,  pp. 701-713. Heading for the exit. (2006, August 5), Economist, Vol. 380, p.54. Palmer, M. (2004), ‘International retail restructuring and divestment: The experience of Tesco,’ Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 20, pp. 1075-1105. Sternquist, B. (2007), International Retailing, Second Edition, Fairchild, New York, NY.  Tesco, PLC. (2008), Ireland:  Support Local Suppliers, Retrieved December 1, 2008, from http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/map/ Wal-Mart sells Korean business. (2006, May 22), www.just-foods.com. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://global.factiva.com/ga/default.aspx Welch, D. and Welch, L. (1996), ‘The internationailsation process and networks,’ Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 14, pp. 103-124. Workman, D. (2006), ‘Wal-Mart finally gets it,’  Retrieved November 8, 2008, from http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cfm/walmart_learns_a_lesson Zimmerman, A., Nelson, E., Ball, D. and Hudson, K. (2006, July 29), ‘With profits elusive, Wal-Mart to Exit Germany,’ Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A6.   https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-108.pdf Jay Sang Ryu Jeff J. Simpson Retail internationalization global retailing internationalization failure global mindset 574471 50 0

109 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=109 2013-01-28 The purpose of this article is to (1) summarise and structure recent literature about overall business trends in the retail industry, in particular those present in the Western European markets, and (2) outline the more specific logistics challenges that are related to these trends. The study is based on a literature review conducted during autumn 2009. As one of the dominating markets in Western Europe, special attention has been given to the German market and German literature in the area. The results imply that the ongoing demographic and socioeconomic changes in the Western European markets accelerate the four overall business trends of retailers’ geographical expansion into new countries and regions, increased share of private labelling, further specialisation of store concepts, and increased consolidation and vertical integration. From a logistics perspective it can be argued that these trends are related to several logistics challenges that must be handled by retail companies. The most important ones discussed in the literature reviewed include an extended domain of control and logistics responsibility in the supply chain, new requirements on logistics competence, the use of logistics related technology, and support for cost- and service efficient geographical expansion. Although logistics has always been important for retail companies, the results from this study further reinforce the view of logistics as a strategically important capability for retail companies. Abrahamsson, M., 2008., Logistics based business model  – the case of Swedish food retail and manufacturing industries. Conference paper, NOFOMA, June 5-6, Helsinki. Arnold, S., Luthra, M., 2000. Market entry effects of large format retailers: a stakeholder analysis. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 28 (4), 139-154. Brown, J., Dant, R., Ingene, C., Kaufmann, P., 2005. Supply chain management and the evolution of the “Big Middle”. Journal of Retailing 81 (2), 97-105. Christopherson, S., 2007. Barriers to ‘US style’ lean retailing: the case of Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany. Journal of Economic Geography 7, 451-469. www.cscmp.org, accessed 2010-08-17 Deleersnyder, B., Dekimpe, M. G., Steenkamp, J-B., Koll, O., 2007. Win-win strategies at discount stores. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 14 (5), 309-318. Ganesan, S., George, M., Jap, S., Palmatier, R.W., Weitz, B., 2009. Supply chain management and retailer performance: emerging trends, issues, and implications for research and practice. Journal of Retailing 85 (1), 84-94. Gereffi, G., Christian, M., 2009. The impacts of Wal-Mart: The rise and consequences of the world’s dominant retailer. Annual Review of Sociology 35, 573-591. Huang, Y., Huddleston, P., 2009. Retailer premium own-brands: creating customer loyalty through own-brand products advantage. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 37 (11), 975-992. Juhl, H.J., Esbjerg, L., Grunert, K.G., Bech-Larsen, T., Brunso, K., 2006. The fight between store brands and national brands – What’s the score? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 13 (5), 331-338. Kempcke, T., 2006. Aktuelle trends in der Handelslogistik: Daten, Fakten, Hintergrunde aus der empirischen Forschung. Research report, EHI Retail institute. KPMG, 2006. Trends im Handel 201. KPMG, research report . Kumar, S., 2008. A study of the supermarket industry and its growing logistics capabilities. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 36 (3), 192-211. Kreimer, T., Gerling, M., 2006. Status quo und Perspektiven im deutschen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel 2006. Research report, KPMG and EHI Retail Institute. Lademann, R., 2004. Betriebstypinnovationen in stagnierenden Märkten under Globalisierungsdruck. In Riekhoef, H.-C., (Ed), Retail Business in Deutschland: Perspektiven, Strategien, Erfolgsmuster. First edition, Wiesbaden, pp. 71-96. Otto, A., Mensing, H.-U., 2008. Neue Wege in der Konsumerguterdistribution in Deutschland. Research report from MARS Deutschland. Otto, A., 2009. Konsumguterdistribution in Deutschland – Status Quo und Entwicklungsrichtung. Conference proceeding in 26. Deutscher Logistik-Kongress, BVL, Berlin, pp. 394-425. Payton, S., 2008. Supermarket sweep. Financial Management 4, pp. 16-19. Pfohl, H.C., Röth, C., 2008. Osteuropa: Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung auf die Handelslogistik. In Wolf-Kluthausen, H., (Ed), Jahrbuch Logistik. Berlin, pp. 278-283. Pietersen, F., 2004. Handel in Deuschland – Status quo, Strategien, Perpectiven. In Riekhoef, H.-C., (Ed) Retail Business in Deutschland: Perspektiven, Strategien, Erfolgsmuster. First edition, Wiesbaden, pp. 31-69. Prumper, W., Pohl, J., Thoms, J., 2007. Innovation im Handel – Nachhaltiger Erfolg durch Beschaffungslogistik. In Wolf-Kluthausen, H., (Ed), Jahrbuch Logistik. Berlin, pp. 99-103. Renko, S., Ficko, D., 2010. New logistics technologies in improving customer value in retailing service. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 17 (3), 216-223. Sampson, S., 2008. Category killers and big-box retailing: their historical impact on retailing in the USA. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 36 (1), 17-31. Schäfer, A., 2008. Chancen vertikaler Konzepte in der Baumarktbranche. 9th Internationaler BHB-Baumarktkongress, Berlin, 18 November. Schommer, P., Harms, T., von le Fort, P., Seitz, P., 2005. Baumärkte in der Strategiefalle. Ernst & Young, Retail and Consumer Products. Skjoett-Larsen, T., Thernoe, C., Andresen, C., 2003. Supply chain collaboration Theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 33 (6), 531-549. Tranfield, D., Denyer, D. and Smart, P., 2003. Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management 14, 207-222. Turban, M., Wolf, J., 2008. Absatzbezogene strategien der Internationalisierung des Lebensmittel-Discountmarkts bei Aldi und Lidl im Vergleich. Research report, Dusseldorf Working Papers in Applied Management and Economics, Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Fachhochschule Dusseldorf. Zentes, J., 2008. Innovative Logistiklösungen des Handels – Auf dem Weg zur Logistikfuhrerschaft. In Baumgarten, H., (Ed), Das Beste der Logistik: Innovationen, Strategien, Umsetzungen. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 176-183. Zentes, J., Schramm-Klein, H., 2004. Bedeutung det Markenfuhrung in vertikalen Marketing. In Bruhn, M., (Ed), Handbuch Markenfuhrung. 6th ed., Gabler, Wiesbaden, pp. 1679-1705. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-109.pdf E. Sandberg Business trends logistics challenges Western European markets 553221 43 0

110 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=110 2013-01-28 Private labels gained an increased market penetration and are growing at a rapid rate. Retailers’ brands are to be found next to national brands in most product categories. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparative perception of retailers for factors affecting sales growth of private labels in India. Factors taken are After sales service, Promotion, Price, Perceived Risk, Packaging and Brand Image of Store. The study comprised three categories of private labels namely Food and Non Food FMCG, Apparel and Consumer Durables. Multistage random sampling was used to collect responses from 200 store managers. A significant difference is found in perception of retailers for after sales service and perceived risk while no significant difference is found for Promotion, Price, Packaging and Brand Image of Store in the categories considered. Further study presents implications for retailers in terms of chalking out effective strategy on the basis of category of private labels. Manufacturers of national brands need to aware of gaining acceptance of private labels in various categories. This research opens up new areas of investigation for private labels in India. ACNielsen (2006). Asia Pacific Retail and Shopper trend. accessed, February 2009, retrieved from http://au.nielsen.com/site/documents/AP_2006_ShopperTrends.pdf Ailawadi, K.L. & Keller, K.L. (2004). Understanding retail branding: conceptual insights and research priorities. Journal of Retailing. 80 (3), 331-342. Baltas, G., & Doyle, P. (1998). An empirical analysis of private brand demand recognising heterogeneous preferences and choice dynamics. Journal of the Operational Research Society.  49(8), 790-798.  Batra, R., & Sinha, I. (2000).  Consumer-level factors moderating the success of private label brands. Journal of Retailing. 76, 175-191. d'Astous, A., & Saint-Louis, O. (2005).  National versus store brand effects on consumer evaluation of a garment. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management. 9(3), 306-317 Dhar, S.K., & Hoch, S.J. (1997). Why store brand penetration varies by retailer. Marketing Science. 16(3), 208-227.  Dick, A., Jain, A., & Richardson, P. (1995). Correlates of store brand proneness: some empirical observations. Journal of Product & Brand Management. 4 (4), 15-22.  Dunn, M.G., Murphy, P.E., & Skelly, G.U. (1986), "Research note: the influence of perceived risk on brand preference for supermarket products. Journal of Retailing. 62 (2), 204-216.  Glynn, M. S., & Chen, S. (2009).Consumer-factors moderating private label brand success: further empirical results. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. 37(11), 896-914. Hoch, S.J., & Banerji, S. (1993). When do store brands succeed. Sloan Management Review. 34(1), 57-67. Hoch, S.J. & Shumeet, B. (1993). When do private labels succeed?. Sloan Management Review. 34(4), 57-67.  Jin,B., Suh, & Gu, Y. ( 2005). Integrating effect of consumer perception factors in predicting private brand purchase in a Korean discount store context.  Journal of Consumer Marketing. 22(2), 62-71. Kyoung-Nan, K. (2008).  The effect of perceived product characteristics on private brand purchases.  Journal of Consumer Marketing. 25 (2), 105-114.  Labeaga, J.M., Lado, N.,  & Martos, M. (2007). Behavioural loyalty towards store brands.  Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.  14(5), 347-356. Narasimhan, C., &  Ronald, T.W. (1998). Private-labels: fighting to win. Harvard Business Review. 74 (1), 99-111.  Narasimhan, C., & Wilcox, R.T. (1998). Private labels and the channel relationship: a cross-category analysis.  The Journal of Business. 71 (4), 573-600.  Putsis, W.P., & Dhar, R. (2001). An empirical analysis of the determinants of category expenditure.  Journal of Business Research.  52, (3), 277-291. Raju, J., Sethuraman, R., & Dhar, S.K. (1995). The introduction and performance of store brands. Management Science.  41(6), 957-978.  Sayman, S., & Raju, J.S. (2004). Investigating the cross-category effects of store brands. Review of Industrial Organization. 24 (2), 129-141.  Sethuraman, R. (1992). Understanding Cross-category Differences in Private Label Shares of Grocery Products. Marketing Science Institute. Cambridge. MA, Report, 92-108.  Underwood, R.L., Klein, N. M., & Burke, R. R. (2001). Packaging communication: attentional effects of product imagery.  Journal of Product & Brand Management. 10(7), 403-422. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-110.pdf Rajendra Jain Sonal Gupta Private Labels Food and Non Food FMCG Apparel Consumer Durables 594114 67 0

111 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=111 2013-01-28 This paper proposes a global expansion model in Food & Beverage retail based on the concept of ‘Custom Standardization’. The concept explores how processed and prepared Food and Beverage can be retailed from an outlet and further how this outlet can be duplicated through chaining or franchising mode. The fundamental imperative that can dictate the pace of chaining is an operational design that is built on an element of standardization combined and integrated with an element of customization. This paper restricts this basis-for-expansion model to the Food and beverage business as the data used has been derived from a best-practice in that domain. An extension of the model to other domains can be pursued through further research. Also the case research for this paper is entirely based on the most successful global Food chain, McDonald’s. AboutMcDonalds.com (2010), ‘Hamburger University, McDonal’s Center of Training Excellence’. Associated Press (2009), ‘McDoanld’s sale boosted by frugal consumers’. China Daily (2004), ‘KFC and McDonald’s – a Model of Blended Culture’. Ebd.gov.hk (2010), ‘Reasons for McDonald’s popularity’. Forbes (2005), ‘Ray Kroc, McDonald’s and the Fast Food Industry’. Griffin, Wally (2008), ‘McDonald’s Has a Big Appetite for China’. Ledyard, Mike et al. (2010), ‘Global Process Standardization – The Happy Meal Lesson’. Manrodt, Karl. B (2004), ‘Global Process Standardization: A Case Study’. McDonald’s (2010), ‘McDonald’s History’. Mujtaba, Bahaudin et al. (2007), ‘McDonald’s Success Strategy and Global Expansion through Customer And Brand Loyalty’. Reynolds, R J., et al. (2005), ‘McDonald’s Corporation’. Schugurensky, D. (2000), ‘McDonald’s starts the first corporate university’. Seklecki, Brian. A (2005), ‘Analogous business practices of McDonalds, Wal-Mart, and Microsoft and thoughts on Open Source and Globalization’. Spolsky, Joel (2001), ‘Big Macs vs. The Naked Chef’. Wikinvest (2010), ‘McDonald’s’. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-111.pdf Ray Titus Debashish Sengupta Standardization Customization Global Expansion McDonald's Chaining Food & Beverage 586824 45 0

112 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=112 2013-01-28 By understanding the relationship between consumer decision-making style and consumer alienation, insight can be gained into consumers and the manifestations of their wants and needs, especially as it concerns discretionary purchases (which comprise most purchases). Individuals possessing differing consumer decision-making styles are hypothesized to possess differing degrees of alienation from the marketplace. The results support several of the hypotheses. The relationships, however, appear to be more complex than hypothesized. The implications for retailers are discussed. Allison, N. K., 1978. A psychometric development of a test for consumer alienation from the marketplace. Journal of Marketing Research, 15(4), pp. 565-575. Amyx, D., Bristow D. & Schneider. K., 2004. A cross-cultural comparison of consumer tendencies and subsequent communication implications. Marketing Management Journal, 14(2), pp. 43-54. Bakewell, C. & Mitchell, V-W., 2004. Male consumer decision-making styles. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 14(2), pp. 223-240. Bakewell, C. & Mitchell, V-W., 2003. Generation Y female consumer decision-making styles. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 31(2), pp. 95-106. Bao, Y., Zhou, K. Z. & Su, C., 2003.  Face consciousness and risk aversion: Do they affect consumer decision-making? Psychology & Marketing, 20(8), pp. 733-755. Beardon, W. O., Lichtenstein, D. R. & Teel, J. E., 1983. Reassessment of the dimensionality, internal consistency, and validity of the consumer alienation scale. In P. E. Murphy, et al., eds. 1985 American marketing association summer educators’ conference proceedings, Chicago IL: American Marketing Association, pp. 35-40. Boyd, H. C. & Helms, J., 2005.  Consumer entitlement theory and measurement. Psychology & Marketing, 22(3), pp. 271-286. Clark, J., 1959. Measuring alienation within a social system. American Sociological Review, 24(6), pp. 849-852. Cowart, K. O. & Goldsmith R. E., 2007.  The influence of consumer decision-making styles on online apparel consumption by college students. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31(6), pp. 639-647. Elgin, D. & Mitchell, A. 2004.  Voluntary simplicity: A movement emerges. In D. Doherty, & A. Etzioni, eds. Voluntary simplicity: Responding to the consumer culture, Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 145-171.  Herbig, P., Koehler, W. & Day, K., 1993.  Marketing to the baby bust generation. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 10(1), pp. 4-9. Hilger, M. T., 1973. An evaluation of various aspects of alienation from the marketplace, Unpublished Masters Thesis, Austin: University of Texas. Hirschfeld, R. R., Feild, H. S. & Bedeian A. G., 2000. Work alienation as an individual-difference construct for predicting workplace adjustment: A test in two samples. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(9), pp. 1880-1902. Johnson, E. B., 1996.  Cognitive age: Understanding consumer alienation in the mature market. Review of Business, 17(3), pp. 35-40. Johnson, E. B., 1995. Cognitive age: A key to understanding consumer alienation in the mature market. Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, 31(4), pp. 259-271. Kennedy, P. & Drebing, C. E., 2002. Abuse and religious experience: A study of religiously committed Evangelical adults. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 5(3), pp. 225-237. Krishnan, P., Bhatnager, N. & Manchanda, R., 2008. Consumer alienation by brands: Examining the roles of powerlessness and relationship type. In Advances in consumer research, Association for Consumer Research, pp. 955-956. Lambert, Z. V., 1981. Profiling demographic characteristics of alienated consumers. Journal of Business Research, 9(1), pp. 65-86. Lambert, Z. V., 1980.  Consumer alienation, general dissatisfaction, and consumerism issues: Conceptual and managerial perspectives. Journal of Retailing, 56(2), pp. 3-24. Lyman, S. M., 2001. Roads to dystopia: Sociological essays on the postmodern condition. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. McDonald, W. J., 1994. Psychological association with shopping: A moderator variable perspective. Psychology and Marketing, 11(6), pp. 549-568. Mishra, A. A., 2010.   Consumer decision-making styles and young-adult consumers: An Indian eploration. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi 2/3, pp. 45-62. Neal, A. G. & Groat, H. T., 1974. Social class correlates of stability and change in levels of alienation: A longitudinal study. Sociological Quarterly, 15(4), pp. 548-558. Radkiewicz, P., 2007. Several reasons why social anomie and political alienation may influence ethnocentric attitudes: The compensating role of authoritarian-paranoid beliefs. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 38(1), pp. 5-14.  Roberts, J., (2000). Consuming in a consumer culture: College students, materialism, status consumption, and compulsive buying. Marketing Management Journal, 10(2), pp. 76-91. Shuptrine, F. K., Pruden, H. O. & Longman, D. S., 1977. Alienation from the marketplace. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 5(2), pp. 233-248.  Shinn, S., 1996. Adolescent consumer decision-making styles: The consumer socialization perspective. Psychology and Marketing, 13(6), pp. 547-569. Sproles, G. B. & Kendall, E. L., 1986. A methodology for profiling consumers’ decision-making styles. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 20(2), pp. 267-279. Vitell, S. J. & Paolillo, J. G. P., 2003. Consumer ethics: The role of religiosity. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(2), pp. 151-162. Walsh, G., Hennig-Thuras, T., Mitchell, V-W. & Wiedmann, K-P., 2001. Consumers’ decision-making style as a basis for market segmentation. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 10(2), pp. 117-131. Wang, C-L., Siu, N. Y. M., & and Hui, A. S. Y., 2004.  Consumer decision-making styles on domestic and imported brand clothing. European Journal of Marketing, 38(1-2), pp. 239-252. Weidmann, K-P., Walsh, G., Hennig-Thurau, T., & Mitchell, V. W., 2001. Consumers’ decision-making style as a basis for market segmentation. In G. W. Marshall & S. J. Grove eds. Enhancing knowledge development in marketing, vol. 12, Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 128-129. Wood, M., 2005. Discretionary unplanned buying in consumer society. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4(4), pp. 268-281. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-112.pdf David J. Burns Consumer Alienation Consumer Decision-Making Styles Consumer Behavior Consumer Characteristics Approach Retailing 588986 42 0

113 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=113 2013-01-28 Empirical studies on consumption patterns provide important insights into the theoretical aspects of consumer demand, through highlighting the changing habits and preferences of consumers over the years. After seventh five year plan when the Indian economy had crossed the Hindu growth rate and especially after the implementation of GLP (Globalization, Liberalization, and Privatization), the economy has been experiencing a healthy growth of per capita income. This has given a boost to the food processing industries to grow since the Engel’s elasticity of demand for processed food has been found to be more than one (Mukund 2010). The more than one Engel’s elasticity of demand categorises processed food items as luxurious items and it further tells that Indian consumers will expend more and more on processed food items as their income increases. The present study examines the determinants of brand equity in the perspective of processed food products in India. The finding suggests that the Indian consumers have started recognizing the processed food brands and are showing their preferences towards certain brand fulfilling their appetite. However for different determinants of brand equity, the magnitudes of preferences are varying significantly. Aaker, D.A, (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38, pp 102-120. Atilgan, E., Safak, A., and Serkan, A, (2005). Determinants of the brand equity: A verification approach in the beverage industry in Turkey. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 23, 237-248. Berry, L.L, (2000). Cultivating service brand equity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28, pp128-137. Government of India. Ministry of food processing industry, Annual report 2009-10. Keller, K.L, (1998). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Keller, K.L, (2001). Building customer-based brand equity: A blueprint for creating strong brands. Marketing Science Institute Working Paper Series, pp 1-107. Keller, K. L, (2009). Building strong brand in modern marketing communication environment, Journal of Marketing Communication, 15(2-3). Kumar Mukund (2010). Food processing industry in India: opportunity and constraints for fruits and vegetable processing sector, Management prudence Journal, 2(1).  Louro Maria Joao and Cunha Vieira Paulo, (2001). Brand management paradigms. Journal of Marketing Management, 17, pp 849-875. Zeithaml, V.A, (1981). How consumer evaluation processes differ between goods and services. Marketing of Services. Eds. James H. Donnelly and William R. George. Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp 186-189.  https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-113.pdf Mukund Kumar Brand equity processed food Brand resonance 571609 64 5

114 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=114 2013-01-28 Retailing is the set of activities that markets products or services to final consumers for their own personal or household use. Retailing does activities by organizing availability of products and services on a relatively large scale and supplying them to customers on a relatively small scale. Retail service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction i.e., the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation. Its importance varies by product, industry and customer; for instance, defective or broken merchandise can be exchanged. In order to find out the correlation between retail customer service and sales of the retail outlet, this study has been undertaken. The objective is to review different retail services offered by retailers in India. The study also attempts to find out customer satisfaction levels with respect to retail services and to find out impact of retail services on sales. Finally there are recommendations for better retail value added services to the customers Anderson, S. W., L. S. Baggett and S. K. Widener, (2006), “The impact of service operations failures on customer satisfaction: the role of attributions of blame”, Social Science Research Network, “http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=975832”. Berry, L.L (1980), “Services Marketing is Different”, Business, Vol.30, May-June, pp.24-38. Cronin, J.J. and Taylor S.A (1992), “Measuring Service Quality and re-examination and extension”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.30, pp 55-68.  Dabholkar, P A; Thorpe, D I and Rentz, J O (1996). “A Measure of Service Quality for Retail Stores: Scale Development and Validation,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(1), 3-16. Don Peppers and Martha Rogers, Ph.D., Rules to Break and Laws to Follow, John Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008) Fisher, M. L., A. Raman, A. McClelland (2000), “Rocket-science retailing is almost here: are you ready?”, Harvard Business Review, 78(4), 115-124. Gilbert, David (1999), Retail Marketing Management, Harlow: Prentice Hall, 356 pp. Levy, Michael, A. Weitz, Barton (2002), Retailing Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2002. 754 pp. Lewlyn L. R. Rodrigues, Gopalakrishna B, Varambally K. V. M, “Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study in General Insurance using Customized SERVPERF Instrument”, Vignana Jyothi Journal of Management, Volume 1 Issue 1 July-December 2009, pp 63-71. Parasuraman, A, Zeithaml, V A and Berry, L L (1985). “A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research,” Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50. Philip H. Mitchell, Discovery-Based Retail, Bascom Hill Publishing Group, 2008 Philip Kotler (2000), Marketing Management, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall India. Salmon, W. J. (1989), “Retailing in the age of execution”, Journal of Retailing, 65(3), pp 368-378.   https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-114.pdf V V Devi Prasad Kotni Retail – Retailing – Retail Services – Customer Satisfaction 559582 43 0

115 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=115 2013-01-28 Since many years ago, customer satisfaction is a common subject for organizations because it makes organization success and also many researchers consider customer relationship management as an essential factor on customer satisfaction. In this study, we want to identify the relationships between customer personality, perceived customer relationship management and customer satisfaction. Statistical universe is customers of Melli Bank of Kerman, Iran and sample contains 80 individuals of whom. We used library method to collect literature and data obtained a questionnaire with 28 questions. Pearson correlation and Regression relation between Extraversion personality customer, Neurotic personality customer and perceived customer relationship management. There is a positive relation between Agreeable personality, Conscientious personality customer, Openness to experience customer and perceived customer relationship management. Also, there is a positive relation. Results of this study can help to organization to be success by understanding differences between customers. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26. Chatham, B. (2002). "CRM's future: Humble growth through 2007". Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research, Inc. Gartner (2003, March 3). "CRM success is in strategy and implementation, not http://www.gartner.comSoftware``. Goldberg, L. R. (1976). "Language and personality: Toward a taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms" .Istanbul Studies in Experimental Psychology, 12, 1-23. Haq.Inam Ul, Ramay. M. Ismail, Rehman. Muhammad Ahmed U, Jam. Farooq Ahmed(2010)," Big Five Personality and Perceived Customer Relationship Management", Research Journal of Internatıonal Studıes - Issue 15.  Hoyer, W. D. & MacInnis, D. J. (2001), "Consumer Behaviour". 2nd ed., Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company. John, O. P., Hampson, S. E., & Goldberg, L. R. (1991). "Is there a basic level of personality description? " Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 348-361. John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1998). :Recent trends in Big Five research: Development, predictive validity, and personality types" . In J. Bermudez et al. (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe ,Vol. 6, pp. 6-16. Tilbourg, The Netherlands: Tilbourg University Press. Kotler,P.( 2000), Marketing Management. 10thed, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall. McAdams, D. P. (1995). "What do we know when we know a person?"Journal of Personality,63,365-396. McCrae, R. R. (1996)."Social consequences of experiential openness".Psychological Bulletin, 120 ,323-337. Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Stewart, G. L. (1998). "Five-Factor Model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions" . Human Performance, 11, 145-165. Rigby, D. K., & Ledingham, D. (2004)."CRM done right". Harvard Business Review, 82(11), 118−129. Roy.Tapan Kumer,Stavropolous.Christos(2007),"Customer knowledge management in e-Business environment", Master Thesis. Salgado, J.F. (1997)." The five-factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community". Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, pp. 30-43. Winer, R. S. (2001). "A framework for customer relationship management". California Management Review, 43(4), 89−105. Wu,Tain-Fung, Batmunkh, Munkh-Ulzii(2010)," Exploring the Relationship between Customer Equity and Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Mongolian Gas Station Channels", International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 2. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-115.pdf Zhaleh Zohreh Kermani Extraversion personality Neurotic personality Agreeable personality Openness to experience Conscientious personality Customer relationship management and customer satisfaction. 585415 65 0

116 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=116 2013-01-28 According to survey conducted by Retail Banking Research, the number of ATMs world wide as on 2005 were 1,544,853, which may cross two millions by the end of 2001. This figure clearly, shows the tremendous growth of ATMs during the years. Very interesting to see Asia Pacific region found the largest regional ATM market with 32.30 per cent of the global ATM market. The ATM density in India is far lower than that of the other developing countries, however ATM installation is growing at a rapid pace in the county. Currently India has an ATM penetration of about 0.04 per 1,000 people. In India, Nationalized banks accounted for the largest share of the total installed ATMs. With regard to the installation of the off-site ATMs New Private Sector Banks had a largest share while nationalized banks occupied largest share in onsite ATMs installation. Some banks have started mobile ATMs in order to reach remote areas that may not have a large enough population. Interestingly the ratio of ATMs to total branches of the respective branches is tremendously increased after 2005 Akamavi, R.K, (2005), A research agenda for investigation of product innovation in the financial services sector, Journal of Services Marketing, 19(6), 359-378.  Barras, R, (1990), Interactive innovation in financial and business services: The vanguard of the service revolution, Research Policy, 19, 215-237.  Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (1998), Risk Management for Electronic Banking and Electronic Money Activities, March. Baskerville, R., Pries-Heje, J, (1998), Information technology diffusion: Building positive barriers, European Journal of Information Systems, 7, 17-28.  Brown, I., Molla, A. (2005), Determinants of Internet and cell phone banking adoption in South Africa, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 10 (1).  Consoli, D, (2005), The dynamics of technological change in UK retail banking services: An evolutionary perspective, Research Policy, 34 (4), 461-480.  Dobni, C.B. (2006) Developing an innovation orientation in financial services organisations, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 11(2), 166-179  Edquist, C, (1997), Systems of Innovations. Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. London: Pinter.  Fasnacht, D. (2009) Open Innovation in the Financial Services: Growing Through Openness, Flexibility, and Customer Integration. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.  Gallouj, F., Weinstein, O, (1997), Innovation in services, Research Policy, 26, 537-556.  Grosse, R., (1996) International technology transfer in services, Journal of International Business Studies, 27 (4), 781-800.  Harris, L, (2001), The IT productivity paradox-evidence from the UK retail banking industry, New Technology, Work and Employment, 16(1), 35-48.  Hatta, K & Liyama, Y, (1991), Ergonamic study of automatic teller machine operability.  International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, Vol.3, No.3, pp.295-309. IIPM (2008): ‘Role of ATMs in Bank Transactions: Emerging Issues’, The India Economy Review, September 30  Kumar, P., Turnbull, S.M, (2008), Optimal patenting and licensing of financial innovations, Management Science, 54(12), 2012-2023.  Lockett, A., Littler, D,(1997), The adoption of direct banking services, Journal of Marketing Management,13, 791-811.  RBI (2005), Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 24 November. RBI (2006), Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 14 November. RBI (2007), Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 27 November. RBI (2008), Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 17 December. RBI (2009), Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 23 October. Retail Banking Research (2010): Global ATM Market and forecast. Sethi, V., King, W. R. (1994) Development of measures to assess the extent to which an information technology application provides competitive advantage, Management Science, 40(12), 1601-1627.  Singh, B., Malhotra, P. (2004) Adoption of internet banking: An empirical investigation of Indian banking sector, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 9 (2).  Stanley, T.J & Moschies, G.P, (1983), The ATM prone consumer: A profile and implications. Journal of Retail Banking, Vol.5, No.1, pp.45-51. Tiwari, R., Buse, S. (2007): The Mobile Commerce Prospects: A Strategic Analysis of Opportunities in the Banking Sector. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press.   https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-116.pdf Padmasree. Karamala Bharathi Devi. Anchula Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Indian Commercial banks Branches 633367 52 0

117 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=117 2013-01-28 This article considers the perhaps remarkable fact that there is no regulation, nor even compulsory registration, of the hairdressing profession in the United Kingdom. Part one includes a thumbnail history of its development, pausing to consider the colourful characters of fact and fiction which are part of the story. Part two examines the series of attempts at remedying the situation - up until the demise of the last effort - which failed because Parliament was more concerned on the day with banning foxhunting. It concludes that this apparently straightforward amendment of existing legislation is both necessary and long overdue i Quoted by  Cohen, J. DAILY MAIL, December 29 1998,p.46 ii Hicks, C. THE INDEPENDENT, October 28 1997, p.17 iii For example, in Queensland Australia: http://www.activehandstraining.com.au/index.php?id=15 and http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/subjects/hairdressing/guide/index.htm and across the United States: http://www.finallywhatyouneed.com/stateboards.html  iv A survey by the Good Salon Guide in 1994, for example, demonstrated that 85% of clients were of this opinion. v Ibid. vi A Short History of Hairdressing, Women's Issues, April 22nd 2008 accessed at http://www.girlygang.net/articles/1145/1/A-Short-History-of-Hairdressing/Page1.html vii Drawn in part from http://littlelonghairs.com/longhairs/content/history-hair viii ‘Tu-aur’ ix Sherrow, V. (2006) Encyclopedia of Hair ( p.112 , p.163) Greenwood Press x Ezekiel: Chapter 5, Verse 1 xi The members of the joint corporation were to be known as “Master” -  thus ‘Mister’ - the title still used by British surgeons rather than ‘Doctor’. xii The Royal College of Surgeons did not receive its charter until 1800. xiii See generally: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/52840/barber xiv patent US775134 xv http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/I048/10316807.aspx xvi http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/HTML/our-company/history-of-l-oreal.aspx xvii An expression used in the industry to indicate that the vertical list of timed appointments in a salon’s booking diary will be full xviii a wig for men that was fashionable in the 17th and 18th centuries xix http://littlelonghairs.com/longhairs/content/history-hair xx A Short History of Hairdressing,(2008, April 22) Women's Issues, accessed at http://www.girlygang.net/articles/1145/1/A-Short-History-of-Hairdressing/Page1.html xxi Antoine by Antoine, 1946, p.19. London, W. H. Allen xxii Quoted in Cox,C. (1999)  Good Hair Days, p.82. Quartet Books xxiii Raymond, P. (1976) The Outrageous Autobiography of Teasie Weasie p.66. London: Wyndharn Publications. quoted in Cox, C. (1999) Good Hair Days, p.94. Quartet Books. xxiv Vidal Sassoon began his career as one of Teasie-Weasie's staff and obviously aimed to outstrip his master. In 1956 Diana Dors had caused press hysteria by flying Teasie-Weasie to the USA for a £2,500 shampoo and set. Twelve years later Sassoon flew to the US to give a $5,000 cut to Rosemary's Baby star Mia Farrow. http://www.donnalethal.com/2009/07/mr-teazie-weazie.html xxv See: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073692/ and http://www.allmovie.com/work/44074 xxvi The Bow Street Runners were London's first professional police force. They were founded in 1749 by the author Henry Fielding. They worked from the Bow Street magistrates' office. xxvii drawn from: Haining,P. (2007) Sweeney Todd: The Real Story of The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Robson Books  xxviii http://www.grooming-health.com/demon-barber.htm xixhttp://www.oldbaileyonline.org/search.jsp?foo=bar&form=_divs&_divs_fulltext=Todd+1801&start=160 xxx ‘The String of Pearls: A Romance’ was published in eighteen weekly parts, in Lloyd, E. THE PEOPLE'S PERIODICAL AND FAMILY LIBRARY, issues 7-24. 21 November 1846 to 20 March 1847 http://www.victorianlondon.org/mysteries/sweeney_todd-01.htm xxxi a list at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweeney_Todd xxxii Turner, E.S. (1948) Boys Will Be Boys: The Story of Sweeney Todd, Deadwood Dick, Sexton Blake,    Billy Bunter, Dick Barton, Etc., Michael Joseph. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-117.pdf Peter Shears Hairdressing regulation personal professional services 584461 38 0

118 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=118 2013-01-28 This study aimed to determine the role of micro-businesses in the socio-economic development in the Province of Ilocos Norte. It indicates the possible effects of the micro-business profile such as organizational characteristics and management practices, and micro-entrepreneurial profile such as personal characteristics, competencies and social responsibilities on the output indicators. In the same manner, there is a possibility that the output indicator: products and services, qualitative assessment of products and services, and quantitative assessment of products and services, have an impact in the socio-economic development in the province of Ilocos Norte Book Ames, Micheal D. and Norva L. Wellsfry. 1983. Small Business Management. New York: West Publishing Company. DRUCKER, P. 1985. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. Heinemann, London.  Fajardo, F.R. 1994.  Entrepreneurship. National Bookstore.  Kaldor, N. 1983. A New Economic Era. New York: Elsevier.  Keynes, KM. 1936.  The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London:Mc Millan.  Kotler, P. and G. Armstrong. 2000. Principles of Marketing. 5th Edition Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.  Lawler, E. E., Mohrman, S. A. and Ledford, G. E. Jr. 1995. Creating High Performance Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.  Lichauco, A. 1988. Nationalist Economics. SPES. Institute Inc. Quezon City.  Mclelland, D.C. and D.G. Winter. 1971. Motivating Economic Achievement. New York:The Free Press.  Lovery, James R. et. al. 1990. Business in Today’s World. Ohio: South-Western Publishing Company,  Mejorada, Nenito D. 1993. Business Finance. JMC Press, Inc. Quezon City.  Miranda, Gregorio S. 1987. Credits and Collections. Manila National Bookstore, Inc.  Theses, Dissertations and Research Reports Ancheta, Betsy Luisa P. “Effectiveness of Management Practices of Agribusiness Entities in Ilocos Sur and La Union”. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur.2004  Arguelles, Roberto M. “Strategic Orientation of Small Business Entrepreneurs in Baguio City”. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Cordilleras, Baguio City.2004  Baron, J. N., & Hannan, M. T. “Organizational blueprints for success in high-tech start-ups: Lessons from the Stanford project on emerging companies”. California Management Review, 44(3): 8–36. 2002 Carinan, Nilda. “ Assessment of PECS on the Small Manufacturing and Process Entrepreneurs Along Cagayan-Iligan Corridor (CIC).” Masteral Thesis. 2001.  Dublin, Emma Dimalaluan.” Social Responsibility of the registered non-stock corporations in Davao City”. Masteral Thesis. 2001.  Gustafon, Magnus, et. al. “ The role of Networks for Micro Firms”. Bachelors Thesis. Jonkoping International Business School. 2005  Honorio, Ma. Angela E. “Profile and Business Practices of Entrepreneurs in the Small Scale Food Busiensses in Manila”.Masteral Thesis. University of the Philippines. March 1996.  Lasmarias, Jimmy C. “Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies among business people in the computer and hotel and restaurant industries in Iligan City”. Masteral Thesis. Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology. 2001.  Lazo, Sylvia V. “An Assessment of the Policies and practices on Human resource management in selected security agencies in Quezon city”. Masteral Thesis.  CEU Graduate School. 2000 Macaayong, Habib W. “Small and Medium Enterprises Development: A study on program administration and effectiveness in the province of Lanao Del Sur”. Doctoral Dissertation. College of Public Administration, University of the Philippines Diliman. May 1992.  Moreno, Rodolfo C.  “Status and Impact of Micro-Enterprises in the Different Growth Centers of Ilcoos Sur”. Doctoral Dissertation. Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, San Fernando City, LA Union. 2001. Piscasio, Alfonso B. “Management Problems of Micro-Business Producers in Bulacan”. Doctoral Dissertation.  Institute of Graduate Studies Polytechnic University of the Philippines. September, 1991 Seguira, Fabian P. “Status of Small-Scale Enterprises in Tarlac City Based on Success Indicators”. Masteral Thesis. Tarlac State University. 2002.  Tagay, Angelina A. “A research-based Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) Development Model”. Doctoral Dissertation. Divine Word College of Laoag, LAoag City. 2003.  Torrente, Jose Ramon Luis P. “The development and operations of a banking institution and its social and economic contributions”. Doctoral Dissertation. Manuel L Quezon University School of Graduate Studies Manila.  1991.   Torres, Rudelyn B. “Contribution of Selected Family Enterprises to the Development of Tagum City”. University of Southeastern Philippine- Obrero Davao City. April 2006.  Torres, Nancy A. “The Status and Prospects of the Major Business Establishments in La Union”. Doctoral Dissertation.  University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur.2005.  Wen, Yun Yan. “An assessment of Chinese Entrepreneurial Competencies and Its contribution to the Economic Development of Pampanga”. Masteral Thesis. Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City. April 2001.  Yecla, Louella P. “Social Responsibility profile of some companies along Cagayan-Iligan Corridor”. Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology. February 2003. Journal/Documents  Ahmad S., and Schroeder R.G., The impact of human resource management practices on operational performance: recognizing country and industry differences, Journal of Operations Management, 21: 19-43. 2003 Banker, R.D., Lee, S.Y., Potter, G., Srinivasan, D., An empirical analysis of continuing improvements following the implementation of a performance based compensation plan, Journalof Accounting and Economics, 30 (1): 315–350. 2001 Capaldo, Guido,Iandoli , Ponsiglione Cristina. Entrepreneurial competencies and training needs of small firms:A methodological approach 14th Annual IntEnt Conference University of Napoli Federico II (Italy), 4-7 July 2004 Cho, S., Woods, R. H., Jang, S., Erdem, M., Measuring the impact of human resource management practices on hospitality firms’ Performances, International Journal of HospitalityManagement. 2005 Collins C. J., and Clark K. D., Strategic human resource practices, top management commitment, team social networks and firm performance: the role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage, Academy of Management Journal, 46(6): 740-751. 2003 Delery, J. E, Doty, D. H. Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: tests of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions, Academy of Management Journal, 39(4): 802-835. 1996 Paul, A. K., Anantharaman, R. N., Impact of people management practices on organizational performance: analysis of a causal model, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14 (7): 1246-1266. 2003 Rodriguez, J. M., and Ventura J. Human resource management systems and organizational performance: an analysis of the Spanish manufacturing industry, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14 (7): 1206-1226. 2003 Vlachos, Ilias P. The effects of human resource practices on firm growth, Int. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2009. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-118.pdf Eric S. Parilla Micro-business Socio-Economic Development Micro-Business profile social responsibilities 580614 71 0

119 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=119 2013-01-28 There are various roles played by the members in a family but research on family decision making has been largely confined to spouses, who have been considered as the relevant decision making unit in a family. However, the role of third party influences, such as children, on decision making strategies and negotiations is essential to taking a broader view of the relevant unit of analysis. Traditionally, women were seen to be the purchasing agents for the family. Now a days, In India increasing participation of women in the workforce has prompted a shift in this role as children are increasingly the "buyers" for the entire family. Even in families where women do not work, children are observed to share this role with their mothers. Children enjoy greater discretion not only in making routine consumption decisions for the family but also in pestering their parents to buy other products desired by them .It is also observed that children are socialized by their parents to act as rational consumers. After years of direct or indirect observation of parental behaviour in the marketplace, they gradually acquire relevant consumer skills from their parents. The structure of Indian families has been previously characterized as joint families with traditional SRO (that is, the husband predominated in all family affairs). However, owing to influences from the West, the structure of Indian families has changed to nuclear or extended families (nuclear families plus grandparents). The India J. Miguel Villas-Boas,(1985)“Dynamic Competition with Experience Goods”, Journal of Consumer Affairs,Vol-19(1) Page 74 - June  Brenda J. Cude1,( 1987) “Estimating the Returns to Informed Decision-Making” Journal of Consumer Affairs Volume 21(1) Page 86,June   Mary l. Carsky, roger dickinson and Mary f. Smith,( 1995) “ Toward Consumer Efficiency: A Model for Improved Buymanship, Journal of Consumer Affairs” Volume 29(2) Page 442 -450 December  Ruth Belk Smithi and George P. Moschisi, (2006) “A Socialization Perspective on Selected Consumer Characteristics of the Elderly” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Volume 15(1), Page 37 - March  Bahn, Kenneth D.(1986), “how and when do Brand perception and preference first form? A cognitive development investigation,Vol. 13(Dec.), 382-393. Glazer,Rashi, Barbara E. Kahn,and William L.Moore(1991),The Influence of External Constraints on Brand Choice: The Lone Alternative Effect, Vol.18 (June), 119-127 Heslop, Louise A. and Adrian B. Ryans (1980), A second look at Children and the Advertising of premiums, 6 (March), 414-420. Holbrook, Morris B. and Rajeev Batra (1987), Assessing the Role of Emotion as Mediators of Consumer Responses to Advertising, 14 (December), 402-420. Hoyer, Wayne D. and Steven P. Brown (1990), Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common, Repeat- Purchase Product, 17 (Sept), 141-148. Kirmani, Amna (1990), The Effect of Perceived advertising Cost on Brand Perception, 17 (September) 160-171. Liefeld, John and Louise A. Heslop (1985) Reference Prices and Deception in Newspaper Advertising, Vol.11 (March), 868-876. Loken, Barbara  and Ronald Hoverstad (1985), Relationship between information recall and Subsequent Attitude: Some Exploratory Findings,Vol.12 (September), 155-168. Mcgill, Annl. And Punan Anand (1989), The Effect of Vivid Attributes on the Evaluation of Alternatives: the Role of Differential Attention and Cognitive Elaboration, 16 (September), 188-196. Meyers, Levy, Joan and Durairaj Maheswaran (1991) Exploring Differences in males and females Processing Strategies 18 (June), 63-70. Raj S .P. (1982), the effect of advertising high and low loyalty consumer segments. 9 (June), Paradigm, 77-89. Adeline Broad bridge & Henry Morgan, “Consumer Buying behaviour of, and perceptions towards, retail brand baby products” Research Paper 0001 ISSN 0265 9778 Institute for Retail Studies.  Betty Ruth Carruth, Jean D. Skinner (2001), “Consumer goals/skills that mothers want their children to learn” Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics Vol.25 (4), 290–298.December Gupta, S. & Chundawat, D.S. (2002), Family and Social influences in Buying Decision Making- A Study of Television, Decision,Vol. 29 No 2,July-Dec., pp 45.  Kumar A.,Sinha, P. K. & Krishna, R.(2003) 'Kids in a Kirana Store: Building a Case for Retail'. Journal of Brand Management, Vol-10(3) Sinha, P.K.&Uniyal,D.P.(2003)"Segmenting shoppers on behaviour",(10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Retailing and Consumer Services Science, Portland, Oregon, USA, August, 7-10 JamesA.Roberts,ChrisManolis,JohnF.(Jeff)Tanner,Jr.(2003)“Family Structure, Materialism, and Compulsive Buying: A Reinquiry and Extension”Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 31(3), 300-311 Hamilton, Rebecca W,(2003) “Why Do People Suggest What They Do Not Want? Using Context Effects to Influence Others' Choices”Journal of Consumer Research. Vol-29,Issue(Month):4(March)Pages:492-506 Ratchford, Brian T, (2001) “The Economics of Consumer Knowledge,”Journal of Consumer Research.Vol(Year):27Issue (Month):4(March)Pg:397-411 Campbell, Margaret C, Keller, Kevin Lane,(2003)“Brand Familiarity and Advertising Repetition Effects” Journal of Consumer Research.Vol-30,Issue (Month): 2 (September)Pages: 292-304 Weiner, Bernard(2000)“Attributional Thoughts about Consumer Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Research. Vol-27 (3),(December)Pg: 382-387 Cooke, Alan D J, Meyvis,Tom, Schwartz, Alan,(2001)“Avoiding Future Regret in Purchase-Timing Decisions” Journal of Consumer Research,Vol27(4)pp-447-459. Drolet, Aimee (2002) “Inherent Rule Variability in Consumer Choice: Changing Rules for Change's Sake”, Journal of Consumer Research.Vol- 29(3)pg- 293-305 Keller, Kevin Lane,(2003)“Brand Synthesis: The Multidimensionality of Brand Knowledge”, Journal of Consumer Research. Vol-29(4),pp-595-600 Shiv, Baba, Huber, Joel,(2000) “The Impact of Anticipating Satisfaction on Consumer Choice” Journal of Consumer Research.Vol-27(2) (Sept)Pg:202-216 Marion M. Hetherington, Ali Bell, Barbara J. Rolls,(2000)Effects of repeat consumption on pleasantness, preference and intake, British Food Journal; 102: 7; pp. 507-521  ,ISSN: 0007-070X  Rosemary Duff (1999) “Children's drinks - what children really think,”Nutrition & Food Science;Vol -99(3), pp. 136-139 Van Osselaer, Stijn M J,Alba, Joseph W,(2000) Consumer Learning and Brand Equity, Journal of Consumer Research. Vol:27 (1),Pages:1-16  Inman, J Jeffrey,Zeelenberg, Marcel,(2002)Regret in Repeat Purchase versus Switching Decisions: The Attenuating Role of Decision, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 29(1)Pages: 116-28 Lewis, M., 2005, “Research Note: A Dynamic Programming Approach to Customer Relationship Pricing,” Management Science, 51, 986-994. Taylor, C.R., 2003, “Supplier Surfing: Price-Discrimination in Markets with Repeat Purchases,” RAND Journal of Economics, 34, 223-246. Hawkins, Del I., Roger J. Best, and Kenneth A. Coney (1998),    Consumer      Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy, 7th ed., Boston: McGraw Hill http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/  http://www.marketeach.org/  http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JCR/ http://www.professorsadvice.com/  https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/i-14_c-119.pdf Akhilesh Chandra Pandey S. P. Kala Passive Dictators MSLP Gatekeepers Influencers 562054 35 0